The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (2024)

Table of Contents
Best IPL hair removal devices 2024 Best IPL hair removal device Best IPL device for beginners Best IPL device for fast results Best 2-in-1 IPL and skincare device Best for facial hair removal Best IPL device for range of settings Best IPL device with unlimited flashes Most affordable Philips IPL device Best IPL device for sensitive skin Best IPL device for precision What is IPL and how does it work? How quickly can I expect results? Can I use IPL on my skin tone? Does IPL hurt? Things to consider when buying an IPL device How we test IPL devices Bondi Body Laser @ Home V2.0 Bondi Body Laser @ Home V2.0 Key specifications SmoothSkin Pure IPL Hair Removal Device SmoothSkin Pure IPL Hair Removal Device Key specifications Philips Lumea IPL 9000 Series Philips Lumea IPL 9000 Series Key specifications JOVS Venus Pro Skin Rejuvenation Device JOVS Venus Pro Skin Rejuvenation Device Key specifications Philips Lumea IPL 9900 Series Philips Lumea IPL 9900 Series Braun IPL Silk Expert Pro 5 Braun IPL Silk Expert Pro 5 Key specifications Sensica Sensilight Pro IPL Hair Removal Device Sensica Sensilight Pro IPL Hair Removal Device Key specifications Philips Lumea Advanced IPL Hair Removal Device Philips Lumea Advanced IPL Hair Removal Device Key specifications SmoothSkin Bare+ Ultrafast IPL Hair Removal Device SmoothSkin Bare+ Ultrafast IPL Hair Removal Device Key specifications Braun Silk·expert Pro 3 PL3132 IPL Device Braun Silk·expert Pro 3 PL3132 IPL Device Key specifications Philips Lumea Prestige IPL Hair Removal Device Philips Lumea Prestige IPL Hair Removal Device Key specifications Insights, advice, suggestions, feedback and comments from experts What is IPL and How Does it Work? How Quickly Can I Expect Results? Can I Use IPL on My Skin Tone? Does IPL Hurt? Things to Consider When Buying an IPL Device How We Test IPL Devices FAQs References
The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (1)

Looking for an effective way to remove or reduce body hair? Allow us to introduce you to IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) hair removal. Not only does it offer more permanent results than waxing or shaving, but it can be done from the comfort of your home. Where do we sign?!

Although at-home IPL machines can be quite the investment, bear in mind that you'll be saving on those waxing appointments or razor purchases in the long-term.

Need a refresher on the best IPL machines and why you may want to try one out? Check out our full round-up below.

Best IPL hair removal devices 2024

Here’s all you need to know about the best IPL hair removal devices around, should you choose to defuzz.

What is IPL and how does it work?

IPL works by targeting hair at the root with a flash of light that converts to heat below the skin’s surface, preventing further growth. Treated hairs fall out naturally, while any regrowth is finer — and, with maintenance, can stop altogether.

Before getting started, you’ll need to shave the area you’re treating. IPL needs some hair for the light to ‘grab’ onto (so avoid waxing or epilating just before), but it shouldn’t be used on longer hair as that could result in burning the skin.

Then, you just press the device onto the skin and zap away.

How quickly can I expect results?

Each brand differs, but most suggest starting with a 12-week programme, followed with less frequent top-up sessions to maintain the desired look. Just like a good training schedule, you won’t see results overnight, but keep on top of treatments and you should start to see a noticeable difference.

Can I use IPL on my skin tone?

Sadly, IPL isn’t suitable for everyone. The ideal candidates are those with dark hair that contrasts in colour to their skin tone. Light blonde, white or grey hair simply doesn’t contain enough melanin for these devices to get to work, and red hair also doesn’t respond to this type of light.

Skin tone is also a factor. If you have darker skin, the higher level of melanin can be picked up by the device and absorb the light energy, potentially causing damage.

If in doubt, you can read more about the Fitzpatrick skin type scale here, which classifies skin types and sensitivity in more detail. All of the machines on our list include an automatic skin tone sensor to determine optimum intensity and safe settings for your skin tone.

Does IPL hurt?

While not as painless as shaving (albeit way more long-lasting), the feeling of IPL is commonly described as a warm zap, similar to flicking an elastic band on your skin.

Just remember that over time you’ll need fewer treatments (and it’s definitely less painful than epilating). A lower light intensity can also help to reduce discomfort, which is worth remembering around the bikini line!

Things to consider when buying an IPL device

Some devices come with a pre-set amount of flashes (most have a minimum of 100,000) and will need a replacement lamp when these run out. Others have an unlimited number, so will last a lifetime. The shorter the gap between flashes, the quicker your treatment time is going to be.

It’s also worth checking out the number of treatment heads included with your device. If you’re planning on using it on the upper lip or bikini line, a smaller head may be preferable.

Look out for IPLs with a range of modes. For precision, you may want to select the stamp mode, but if you're using it on larger areas such as the legs, the glide mode will speed up treatment time.

Whichever device you go for, it’s very important to read the instructions thoroughly.

How we test IPL devices

Products below that feature the Women's Health Lab Approved logo have been tested by a panel of 180 women who tried a range of at-home IPL hair removal devices over a six to 12-week period.

Following the instructions to the letter, they fed back on how effective each device was at removing hair from the legs, underarm, bikini line and upper lip — and how easy it was to do so. They also recorded any regrowth that appeared and shared the results.

The remaining IPL devices, marked with an Editor's Choice logo, have been handpicked by our WH editors to give you even more choice.

1

Best IPL hair removal device

Bondi Body Laser @ Home V2.0

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (12)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (13)

1

Best IPL hair removal device

Bondi Body Laser @ Home V2.0

Giving top results in just three weeks, this compact cordless machine packs a real punch. Testers were pleased that it reduced hair regrowth in such a short time, and liked how well it moved over trickier areas, such as the chin or knees. Its ergonomic shape meant it as easy (and comfortable) to use for a sustained period, too.

Testers found it pain-free, and those who used it on their facial hair didn't experience any irritation. Taking the faff out of the process, there's no need to change attachments for different areas – instead, there are multiple settings to choose from. Our panel also found it quiet to use, so it's ideal for zapping those hairs in front of the TV.

Key specifications

MainsYes
CordlessYes
Flashes> 300,000 flashes
UsageOnce a week for 12 weeks
What's in the box?Device, adapter, pouch, safety glasses and instructions
Features8 light intensities, auto and manual modes

2

Best IPL device for beginners

SmoothSkin Pure IPL Hair Removal Device

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (14)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (15)

2

Best IPL device for beginners

SmoothSkin Pure IPL Hair Removal Device

Now 10% Off

If time isn’t on your side, this sleek-looking IPL device claims to do a full body treatment in just 10 minutes. It also features an in-built sensor, which scans your skin to pick the best light intensity for you, so you don’t even have to think about it.

When it came to hair removal, our testers said it was comfortable to use and it managed to visibly reduce hair by the end of the trial period. Most of the panel were impressed with how quick it was to cover the whole body, making it ideal if you’re short on time.

It comes with three settings for a fuss-free application, and can be used on both the body and face. With unlimited flashes too, you’re getting great value for money.

Key specifications

PowerMains
CordlessNo
FeaturesThree skin type settings, skin sensor
What's in the box?Device, manual.
UsageOnce a week for 12 weeks, then touch-up where needed
FlashesUnlimited

3

Best IPL device for fast results

Philips Lumea IPL 9000 Series

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (16)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (17)

3

Best IPL device for fast results

Philips Lumea IPL 9000 Series

Impatient? This cordless device acts fast, with results being seen by our testers in just three weeks.

It features the same ‘SmartSkin’ tech as previous Philips models, which recommends the optimum setting for your skin tone, as well as four different attachments for different areas of the body. It proved to be successful on both body and facial hair, and many of our panel also noticed that their bikini line stayed fuzz-free after six weeks of continued use.

Key specifications

PowerMains
CordlessYes
FeaturesSmartSkin Sensor
What's in the box?Storage pouch, four attachment heads
UsageEvery two weeks for the first six weeks, then touch-up where needed
Flashes>450,000

Advertisem*nt - Continue Reading Below

4

Best 2-in-1 IPL and skincare device

JOVS Venus Pro Skin Rejuvenation Device

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (18)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (19)

4

Best 2-in-1 IPL and skincare device

JOVS Venus Pro Skin Rejuvenation Device

We're usually sceptical about two-in-one products delivering the most powerful results, but this device proved us wrong. While the IPL head tackles unwanted hair, the 'skin rejuvenation' mode uses flashes of light to help boost collagen and elastin production, aiming to leave you with firmer-looking skin.

The rotating head makes it easier to reach all areas of the body, and all testers said they were hair-free in six weeks. If you're nervous about the pain element of hair removal, this device also features ‘ICE’ technology, which cools skin down to help eliminate discomfort.

Key specifications

PowerMains
CordlessNo
Flashes>500,000
UsageEvery two weeks for the first six weeks, then touch-up where needed
FeaturesSix energy modes, 180° rotating head
What's in the box?Six attachment heads

5

Best for facial hair removal

Philips Lumea IPL 9900 Series

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (20)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (21)

5

Best for facial hair removal

Philips Lumea IPL 9900 Series

Our panel not only found this machine relatively pain-free, thanks to its sensitive mode, but it particularly impressed on facial hair removal.

Testers saw a noticeable reduction in hair here in just four weeks, and the included Facial Hair Remover enabled easy prep before using the device. Also included are four attachments with different sized windows for use on different areas of the body, including the face and bikini line.

Our testers were fans of the cordless design, but some wished the battery life was longer.

6

Best IPL device for range of settings

Braun IPL Silk Expert Pro 5

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (22)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (23)

6

Best IPL device for range of settings

Braun IPL Silk Expert Pro 5

Now 54% Off

With 10 intensity levels to choose from, this device offers the most personalised experience of all the models we tested. Our panel liked the glide mode, which speeds things up by delivering more flashes on larger areas of the body (such as the legs), while the stamp mode is ideal for small, more sensitive areas.

The pack also comes with a handy razor so you can get started right away. Our testers were happy with the results, and with the equivalent of 22 years’ worth of flashes pre-loaded, we reckon it’s a worthwhile investment.

Key specifications

PowerMains
CordlessNo
FeaturesTwo treatment heads, 10 light intensities, two treatment modes (stamp and glide), skin tone sensor
Flashes400,000 flashes
What's in the box?Precision head, razor, device, instructions
UsageBody hair requires one treatment a week (for four to 12 weeks) then whenever you need (every one to two months)

Advertisem*nt - Continue Reading Below

7

Best IPL device with unlimited flashes

Sensica Sensilight Pro IPL Hair Removal Device

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (24)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (25)

7

Best IPL device with unlimited flashes

Sensica Sensilight Pro IPL Hair Removal Device

Suitable for all-over use, this cordless design is loaded with unlimited flashes. Although the heads were initially a little fiddly to attach, and some found it a touch bulky, the useful ‘glide’ function made it super speedy to use, with sparser hair noticeable in eight to 12 weeks.

The wide choice of settings also made the majority of testers feel more comfortable.

Key specifications

PowerMains
CordlessYes
FlashesUnlimited
FeaturesTwo treatment heads, six intensities, two treatment modes (pulse and glide), skin tone sensor
What's in the box?Device, treatment heads, charging cable, storage bag and instructions
UsageBody hair requires treatment every two weeks for the first four weeks, then once every four weeks afterwards; for facial hair, use it every two weeks for the first five weeks then every four weeks; after seven weeks for body hair and eight for facial hair, top-up as and when needed

8

Most affordable Philips IPL device

Philips Lumea Advanced IPL Hair Removal Device

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (26)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (27)

8

Most affordable Philips IPL device

Philips Lumea Advanced IPL Hair Removal Device

Now 26% Off

This device delivers the same powerful hair-zapping technology as the other Philips models on our list, while being a bit kinder on your bank balance. It claims to work on a variety of different hair and skin types too — from dark blonde to black — to break the hair growth cycle.

Our panel said it did a great job at not only reducing regrowth but also the thickness of the hair on the face and body after just four weeks, without causing any pain or irritation.

If you really want to get your money’s worth, download the Lumea app, which helps you personalise your treatment schedule, as well as providing you with tips and tricks to get the most effective results.

Key specifications

PowerMains
CordlessNo
FeaturesFive skin type settings, Lumea app, skin sensor
What's in the box?Satin Compact pen trimmer with eyebrow comb and cleaning brush, cleaning cloth, attachment head, precision attachment head, device, manual.
UsageEvery two weeks for the first four sessions, then touch-up where needed
Flashes>250,000

9

Best IPL device for sensitive skin

SmoothSkin Bare+ Ultrafast IPL Hair Removal Device

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (28)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (29)

9

Best IPL device for sensitive skin

SmoothSkin Bare+ Ultrafast IPL Hair Removal Device

Now 25% Off

With 100 flashes per minute, the Bare+ claims to be the fastest IPL device on the market with results in as little as four weeks, reducing hair growth by up to 97%.

You can count on safety first here too — this device has a built-in Smart Skin Sensor to check your skin tone before each flash, and will only activate if it’s safe to do so.

Key specifications

PowerPower supply
CordlessNo
FeaturesTwo treatment modes and built-in skin sensors for safe and effective treatments
What's in the box?SmoothSkin Bare+ Device, power supply, power cable, instructions
UsageTen minutes full body, once a week for 12 weeks
FlashesUnlimited

Advertisem*nt - Continue Reading Below

10

Best IPL device for precision

Braun Silk·expert Pro 3 PL3132 IPL Device

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (30)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (31)

10

Best IPL device for precision

Braun Silk·expert Pro 3 PL3132 IPL Device

Ideal for using all over the body, this Braun IPL device has a precision head for those hard-to-reach areas such as the face, underarms and bikini line.

It also has an adaptive sensor that continuously reads your skin tone — which can vary across your body — and alters its flash intensity for the best results. See results from twelve weeks onwards.

Key specifications

PowerMains
CordlessNo
FeaturesThree intensity levels, skin safety sensor
What's in the box?Braun Silk-Expert Pro 3 PL3132, premium bag for storage, precision head, Venus razors
UsageNine minute sessions over regular treatment plan
Flashes300,000

11

Best IPL hair removal device

Philips Lumea Prestige IPL Hair Removal Device

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (32)

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (33)

11

Best IPL hair removal device

Philips Lumea Prestige IPL Hair Removal Device

Now 29% Off

Let’s face it, the quicker we can see results, the better, and this advanced machine promises you’ll notice a difference in just four treatments. Taking away any guesswork, there are four attachments designed to effectively target the face, body and delicate bikini area.

Click the head in place and a clever sensor will help you find which of the five light intensities is best for your skin tone.

After four weeks, our testers found regrowth was minimal and much finer, and after the full 12-week period, most said their hair had stopped growing back altogether.

If you’re the forgetful type, it’s worth downloading the Philips Lumea app to keep track of your treatment plan — it will give you helpful reminders when your next session is due.

Key specifications

PowerMains
CordlessNo
Flashes>250,000
FeaturesFive light intensities, two treatment modes (stamp and slide), Lumea app, skin sensor
What's in the box?Device, adapter, pouch, three attachment heads and instructions
UsageEvery two weeks for the first four sessions, then touch-up where needed

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (34)

Tested byDenny Poku

Beauty and Grooming Tester

Denny is our Beauty and Grooming Tester and has an in-depth knowledge and background in beauty and PR. She has spoken on panels with Cosmetics Executive Women (CEW) and has worked with many beauty brands as a commercial model. Since joining in October 2022, she has worked on numerous testing categories including over 18 different brands for vitamin C serums, scalp scrubs, shampoos for dry hair and many more. She has over 20k followers on TikTok where she shares beauty and fashion tips otherwise better known as Denny Daily.

Insights, advice, suggestions, feedback and comments from experts

Introducing IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) Hair Removal

IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) hair removal is a popular method for removing or reducing body hair, offering more permanent results than waxing or shaving. It works by targeting hair at the root with a flash of light that converts to heat below the skin’s surface, preventing further growth. Treated hairs fall out naturally, and with maintenance, regrowth can become finer and eventually stop altogether. IPL can be done from the comfort of your home, making it a convenient option for many individuals.

What is IPL and How Does it Work?

IPL works by targeting hair at the root with a flash of light that converts to heat below the skin’s surface, preventing further growth. Treated hairs fall out naturally, while any regrowth is finer and, with maintenance, can stop altogether. IPL needs some hair for the light to ‘grab’ onto, so it's important to shave the area before treatment. However, it shouldn’t be used on longer hair as that could result in burning the skin. The process involves pressing the device onto the skin and zapping away.

How Quickly Can I Expect Results?

Most brands suggest starting with a 12-week program, followed by less frequent top-up sessions to maintain the desired look. Results vary by brand, but with consistent treatments, a noticeable difference should be seen over time.

Can I Use IPL on My Skin Tone?

IPL isn’t suitable for everyone. The ideal candidates are those with dark hair that contrasts in color to their skin tone. Light blonde, white, or grey hair doesn’t contain enough melanin for these devices to work effectively, and red hair also doesn’t respond to this type of light. Additionally, individuals with darker skin may experience potential damage due to the higher level of melanin.

Does IPL Hurt?

While not as painless as shaving, the feeling of IPL is commonly described as a warm zap, similar to flicking an elastic band on your skin. Over time, fewer treatments are needed, and a lower light intensity can help reduce discomfort.

Things to Consider When Buying an IPL Device

When purchasing an IPL device, consider factors such as the number of flashes, treatment heads, treatment modes, and skin tone sensors. Some devices come with a pre-set amount of flashes and will need a replacement lamp when these run out, while others have an unlimited number of flashes. The shorter the gap between flashes, the quicker the treatment time. Additionally, the number of treatment heads included and the range of modes are important considerations.

How We Test IPL Devices

Products tested by a panel of 180 women who tried a range of at-home IPL hair removal devices over a six to 12-week period are marked with the Women's Health Lab Approved logo. They provided feedback on effectiveness, ease of use, regrowth, and results. Other IPL devices, marked with an Editor's Choice logo, have been handpicked by WH editors to provide more options.

I hope this information provides a comprehensive understanding of IPL hair removal and its related concepts. If you have any further questions or need specific recommendations, feel free to ask!

The WH Lab looks at whether IPL devices are worth the dosh (2024)

FAQs

Are IPL devices worth it? ›

IPL treatments, according to a study in the Journal of Clinical Aesthetic Dermatology, show that people get 83.3% less hair growth after one month and 78.1% less after three months. Results can last for years or even permanently. This makes IPL an excellent choice for those who want to enjoy long-lasting smoothness.

Does home IPL actually work? ›

These studies proved that an IPL is a legitimate and useful light source for effective hair removal. Clinical results of the IPL for hair removal on darker skin types were also published, showing that with appropriate cut-off filters, the IPL can be used successfully in all skin types.

What are the downsides of IPL? ›

One of the most significant concerns associated with IPL treatment is the risk of burns or skin discoloration, particularly in people with darker skin tones. This risk stems from the procedure's reliance on light absorption, which can lead to excessive heat in areas with higher melanin concentrations.

Why does IPL not work on me? ›

While IPL treatment is an easy, effective hair removal method for some, it unfortunately isn't suitable for darker tones of skin. This is because melanin pigments aren't just in our hair – they're also present in the skin, too. Darker skin contains more melanin than fair skin.

Are cheap IPL worth it? ›

The cheapest models on the market may only last you a few years before requiring replacing, but a good IPL device will deliver decades of regular use. 2) The power. Many IPL devices come with varying levels of intensity, meaning you can treat hair on various parts of your body effectively.

Does IPL work on GREY hair? ›

Have you wondered will laser hair removal work on grey hair? Unfortunately the answer is no when it comes to grey/white hair and laser hair removal.

What is the strongest at home IPL device? ›

Most powerful: SmoothSkin Pure Fit IPL Hair Removal Device

The Pure Fit is an easy to use IPL device that achieves up to 99% hair reduction in 12 weeks, and visible results in just 2 weeks. It stands out as one of the most fast and powerful hair removal devices on the market.

Does IPL tighten skin? ›

For example, IPL photofacial is a standard procedure that can help to combat issues such as hyperpigmentation, reduce wrinkles, and tighten lax skin.

Does home IPL help wrinkles? ›

IPL photofacials using the Glass IPL Photofacial penetrates the deeper layers of the skin to stimulate collagen and elastin production, which can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Who should avoid IPL? ›

Safety of IPL Treatment

This treatment does not involve a light spectrum that causes or increases skin cancer. However, IPL treatment is not safe for pregnant women and those on blood thinners.

Are there dangers to IPL? ›

Blistering and scarring are rare but potential side effects of IPL treatments, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin.

What happens if you use IPL too often? ›

You can overuse at-home IPL. If you use your device too often, you won't speed up your hair removal treatments and could set yourself up for side effects. Like nearly everything in life, IPL works best when following the recommended treatment plans. That's typically twice a week over 8 weeks, for starters.

Do brown spots come back after IPL? ›

It is impossible to avoid all sun exposure and so even with the best of skin care and protection, new brown spots may emerge gradually over time. Proper skin care and protection is the only thing standing between you and appearance of future brown spots.

Do you have to do IPL forever? ›

Many people report they achieve permanent hair reduction after just a few treatments. However, some people may require touch-ups every few years to keep those hair bulbs from sprouting out new follicles. IPL hair removal treatments are a great way to achieve long-lasting results without the hassle of shaving or waxing.

Why can't I use IPL on my forehead? ›

Can you use IPL on your face? Using IPL for facial hair treatment is a great choice for many people. It's recommended that you don't use IPL too close to the eyes and lips, as these areas are very sensitive and can be irritated by the light impulses.

What are the disadvantages of IPL hair removal device? ›

  • Can IPL Laser Treatments Cause Skin Cancer? A common concern surrounding IPL laser hair removal is its potential link to cancer, especially given that the process involves a form of radiation. ...
  • Redness and Skin Burns. ...
  • Infections. ...
  • Blistering and Scarring. ...
  • Hyperpigmentation.

What is the lifespan of IPL device? ›

Most IPL hair removal devices have about 250,000 flashes. With this, you can remove hairs for about 20 years. The more luxurious the model, the more flashes the device has. Some devices have over 400,000 or 500,000 flashes, so you can remove hairs for more than 20 years.

Is IPL just as good as laser? ›

Both IPL and lasers are effective in hair removal. IPL often requires more treatments and may not achieve the same final hair reduction as a laser can. Due to this, hair removal using a laser usually produces faster results. IPL is effective in not only hair removal, but also treating rosacea and facial flushing.

Does IPL work on pubic hair? ›

IPL hair removal is a progressive treatment that offers full body hair removal - but you can use IPL to treat separate areas, such as your arms, legs, or pubic area, depending on your individual needs. When using IPL, you'll hold a flashgun device that delivers a spectrum of light to the skin.

References

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Kieth Sipes

Last Updated:

Views: 6559

Rating: 4.7 / 5 (67 voted)

Reviews: 90% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Kieth Sipes

Birthday: 2001-04-14

Address: Suite 492 62479 Champlin Loop, South Catrice, MS 57271

Phone: +9663362133320

Job: District Sales Analyst

Hobby: Digital arts, Dance, Ghost hunting, Worldbuilding, Kayaking, Table tennis, 3D printing

Introduction: My name is Kieth Sipes, I am a zany, rich, courageous, powerful, faithful, jolly, excited person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.